Introduction: In this new chapter, we'll explore File I/O and Serialization, essential concepts for working with data in C#. In this first article, we'll discuss reading and writing text and binary files. In the next article, we'll delve into serialization and deserialization of objects, which are important for persisting and restoring object states. Reading and Writing Text Files: C# provides several classes for reading and writing text files, such as StreamReader, StreamWriter, and File: // Writing a text file using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter( "example.txt" )) { writer.WriteLine( "Hello, world!" ); } // Reading a text file using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader( "example.txt" )) { string line; while ((line = reader.ReadLine()) != null ) { Console.WriteLine(line); } } Reading and Writing Binary Files: For working with binary files, C# provides the BinaryReader and Bina

 Introduction: In the previous article , Chapter 4.2, we explored heap and stack memory, which are crucial for understanding how memory is allocated and managed in a C# program. In this article, we'll delve into garbage collection and finalization, essential concepts for managing memory resources efficiently in a C# application. In the next article, we'll discuss file I/O and serialization, another important aspect of working with data in C#. Garbage Collection: Garbage collection is the process of automatically reclaiming memory that is no longer in use. The garbage collector (GC) is responsible for managing heap memory, identifying objects that are no longer accessible, and deallocating their memory. This helps prevent memory leaks and ensures that your application uses memory efficiently: Person person = new Person( "John" , "Doe" ); // Memory allocated on the heap person = null ; // Now eligible for garbage collection Generations: Th

 Introduction: In the previous article , Chapter 4.1, we discussed the differences between reference and value types. In this article, we'll explore heap and stack memory, which are crucial for understanding how memory is allocated and managed in a C# program. This topic is of great importance, so we'll cover it in detail. In the next article, we'll discuss garbage collection and finalization, which are essential for managing memory resources efficiently in a C# application. Heap Memory: Heap memory is a region of memory where objects are dynamically allocated during the runtime of a program. When you create an instance of a reference type, memory is allocated on the heap. Heap memory is managed by the garbage collector, which automatically reclaims memory that is no longer in use: Person person = new Person( "John" , "Doe" ); // Memory allocated on the heap Stack Memory: Stack memory is a region of memory where value types and method

 Introduction: In this new chapter, we'll focus on memory management and garbage collection, which are essential for understanding how resources are managed in a C# application. In this first article, we'll explore the differences between reference and value types. In the next article, we'll discuss heap and stack memory, which are crucial for understanding how memory is allocated and managed in a C# program. Reference Types: Reference types store a reference to the memory location where the data is stored. When you create an instance of a reference type, the memory is allocated on the heap. Classes, interfaces, delegates, and arrays are examples of reference types: Person person1 = new Person( "John" , "Doe" ); Person person2 = person1; person2.FirstName = "Jane" ; Console.WriteLine(person1.FirstName); // Output: Jane Value Types: Value types store the actual data, and when you create an instance of a value type, the memo

 Introduction: Welcome to the next chapter of our C# learning series! In this chapter, we'll dive into advanced C# concepts to further enhance your understanding of the language. In this article, we'll discuss LINQ and lambda expressions, two powerful features that simplify data manipulation and make your code more expressive. In the next article, we'll explore exceptions and debugging, essential techniques for building robust and reliable applications. LINQ (Language Integrated Query): LINQ is a set of features in C# that allows you to perform complex data queries directly in the language, without having to use SQL or another query language. LINQ can be used with various data sources, such as arrays, collections, XML, and databases. It provides a consistent query syntax, making it easier to work with different types of data: int [] numbers = { 2, 5, 1, 6, 8, 3, 7 }; var evenNumbers = from number in numbers where number % 2 == 0

 Introduction: In the previous article , Chapter 3.3, we discussed generics and anonymous types, important concepts for creating flexible and reusable code. In this article, we'll explore reflection and dynamic programming, powerful techniques for working with types and objects at runtime. In the next topic, we'll dive into memory management and garbage collection, which are essential for understanding how resources are managed in a C# application. Reflection: Reflection is a feature in C# that allows you to inspect and interact with the metadata of types, objects, and assemblies at runtime. You can use reflection to create instances of types, invoke methods, get and set property values, and more: Type personType = typeof (Person); MethodInfo methodInfo = personType.GetMethod( "SayHello" ); object [] parameters = new object [] { "John" }; string result = ( string )methodInfo.Invoke( null , parameters); Console.WriteLine(result); Dynamic

 Introduction: In the previous article , Chapter 3.2, we discussed exceptions and debugging, essential techniques for building robust and reliable applications. In this article, we'll explore generics and anonymous types, which are important concepts for creating flexible and reusable code. In the next chapter, we'll dive into reflection and dynamic programming, powerful techniques for working with types and objects at runtime. Generics: Generics allow you to create classes, methods, and interfaces that can work with different types without sacrificing type safety. By using generics, you can create reusable and type-safe code without the need for casting or boxing: public class GenericList <T> { private T[] data; private int count; public GenericList( int size) { data = new T[size]; count = 0; } public void Add(T item) { data[count++] = item; } public T Get( int index) { retur